Water recycling--forwards or backwards for public health?

Backwards Design or looking Sideways? Knowledge Translation in the Real World; Comment on “A Call for a Backward Design to Knowledge Translation”

El-Jardali and Fadllallah provide an excellent summary of the many dimensions of knowledge use, and the breath of issues and activities that must be considered if knowledge is to be put into practice. However, reliance on a continuum (rather than a cyclical, multidirectional, systems) model creates a number of limitations, particularly when promoting evidence-informed action in the areas of hea...

Global transition in health.

"Tempora mutantur et nos in illis" King Lothar I remarked by year 900 AD. What exactly changed in us over time, i.e. how patterns of the epidemiological transition in populations locally and globally might appear, was described by Omran in 1971 [1]. The effect of transition on health and diseases in populations was demonstrated by Frenkl et al in 1991 [2]. And which major public health problems...

Living forwards, understanding backwards.

Functional Consequences of Ultrastructural Geometry in "backwards" Fluid-transporting Epithelia

Many fluid-transporting epithelia possess dead-end, long, and narrow channels opening in the direction to which fluid is being transported (basal infoldings, lateral intercellular spaces, etc.). These channels have been thought to possess geometrical significance as standing-gradient flow systems, in which active solute transport into the channel makes the channel contents hypertonic and permit...

Subspace domain forwards-backwards averaging

In this paper a procedure which filters out roughly half of the array manifold errors for approximately centro-symmetric arrays is described. The procedure-subspace domain forwards-backwards (f/b) averaging-improves the performance of subspace based direction finding (DF) algorithms such as MUSIC and ESPRIT. Experimental data from the Mountaintop system are used to confirm the theoretical results.